The Rise of Anion-Shuttling Batteries: Chloride-Ion Batteries (CIBs)

Room-temperature chloride-ion batteries (CIBs) are an emerging anion-shuttling energy storage technology that offers a sustainable, high-energy alternative to conventional lithium-ion batteries. By utilizing abundant chlorine-based materials and eliminating critical elements such as lithium and cobalt, CIBs promise high theoretical energy density (~2500 Wh L−1), improved longevity, and reduced environmental impact. However, challenges such as electrode instability, volume expansion, and interfacial degradation limit their practical implementation. Current research focuses on developing stable, low-expansion electrode materials—particularly metal oxychloride and perovskite-based compounds—along with advanced material engineering strategies and in-situ characterization techniques to enhance cycle life and performance. Continued innovation in this area positions CIBs as a strong candidate for next-generation energy storage solutions.